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Continuing Education — "The Action Level!®"

VOLUME 2(3), March 2005
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

Answer the questions below and click "Submit".

Full Name:
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CASE STUDIES:

Toward Understanding the Risk of Secondary Airborne Infection: Emission of Respirable Pathogens
Mark Nicas, William W. Nazaroff and Alan Hubbard

1. To be infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in respiratory
    aerosol emitted from a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis:

a. bacilli-containing droplets projected through the air
          must settle onto membranes in the eyes, nose or
          mouth.
b. close contact with, and prolonged exposure to,
          the patient is required.
c. briefly sharing the same air space with the patient
          is sufficient, although infection risk increases with
          proximity to the patient and with longer exposure.
d. tuberculosis infection does not occur by inhalation
          but involves drinking non-pasteurized milk
          products.
2. Most particles emitted in a cough or sneeze are nonrespirable, but
    quickly shrink in size due to water loss to become respirable
    particles termed droplet nuclei. True or False?
True
False
Determination of Biological Reference Values for Chlorpyrifos Metabolites in Human Urine Using a Toxicokinetic Approach
Michèle Bouchard, Gaétan Carrier, Robert C. Brunet, Yvette Bonvalot and Nathalie H. Gosselin

3. The authors' sources indicate that about ___ of chlorpyrifos
    exposure can be attributed to exposure sources other than dermal.

a. 3%
b. 13%
c. 27%
d. 73%
4. Which of the following statements is not true:
a. Most BEIs® are based on urinary biomarker
          concentrations at TLV TWA airborne
          exposures.
b. Establishment of a BEI® on the basis of airborne
          concentrations would ensure a safe estimate of
          working conditions.
c. Chlorpyrifos exposure occurs through multiple
          routes.
Evaluation of Potential Toxicity from Co-Exposure to Three CNS Depressants (Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes) under Resting and Working Conditions Using PBPK Modeling
James E. Dennison, Philip L. Bigelow, Moiz M. Mumtaz, Melvin E. Andersen, Ivan D. Dobrev and Raymond S.H. Yang

5. The effect of exercise on the toxicity of chemicals such as
    toluene is:

a. already taken into account when the TLV®
          was established.
b. of no significance.
c. needs to be considered at least qualitatively when
          exposure data are compared to TLVs®.
6. Toxicological interactions between solvents such as toluene,
    ethylbenzene, and xylenes can be significant at Permissible
    Exposure Limits. True or False?
True
False

Psychophysically Determined Horizontal and Vertical Forces of Dynamic Pushing on High and Low Coefficient of Friction Floors for Female Industrial Workers
Vincent M. Ciriello

7. What are the two components of the horizontally and vertically
    applied forces on the pushcart handles.

a. Lateral and sagittal forces
b. Push and pull forces
c. Initial and sustained forces
d. Static and dynamic forces
8. The calculated probability of slip is higher during the sustained
    portion of the push for both COF floors. True or False?
True
False


Deadline for answers is March 24, 2005.

Answers will be available online at
http://www.acgih.org/products/joeh/alanswers.htm
on April 1, 2005.

 
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