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Continuing Education — "The Action Level!®"

VOLUME 4(8), August 2007
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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CASE STUDIES:

Hexavalent Chromium Exposures and Exposure-Control Technologies in American Enterprise: Results of a NIOSH Field-Research Study Conducted at 21 Diverse Establishments
L.M. Blade, M. Story Yencken, M.E. Wallace, J.D. Catalano, A. Khan, J.L. Topmiller, S.A. Schulman, A. Martinez, K.G. Crouch and J.S. Bennett

1. In both of the "hard chrome" chromium electroplating operations
    studied, the geometric mean of the platers' full workshift exposures
    to Cr(VI) exceeded the NIOSH REL of 1µg/m3. True or False?

True
False
2. Each of the following processes and operations, except one,
    were classified by the authors in their Categories 4 or 3,
    respectively, indicating "most difficult" or "moderately difficult"
    to control all of their workers' full shift exposures to Cr(VI) to the
    approximate range of the NIOSH REL of 1µg/m3. Name the
    process or operation that is not classified in Category 4 or 3.
a. "hard" chromium electroplating
b. TIG welding alone on stainless steel
c. spray application and re-sanding of chromate
          containing paints
d. MIG welding (alone, or with other types of welding)
          on stainless steel
Predicting Gaseous Pollutant Dispersion Around a Workplace
Davide Guerra, Laurent Ricciardi and Jean-Claude Laborde

3. An accidental gaseous leak from a pressurized duct can be
    modeled by a free jet. True or False?

True
False
4. The penetration of a gaseous leak in air depends on:
a. the initial velocity of the gas emission
b. the diameter of the leak
c. the initial velocity and the diameter
The Effect of Worker's Location, Orientation, and Activity on Exposure
Eungyoung Lee, Charles E. Feigley, Jamil Khan and James R. Hussey

5. Which one of the following conditions noted the highest average
    difference in breathing zone concentrations (BZCs)?

a. Comparison of BZCs for the near-field and
          far-field locations
b. Comparison of BZCs when the worker was facing
          toward the source and facing away from the
          source
c. Comparison of BZCs for a moving worker and
          a stationary worker
6. For the experimental condition in this study, when the worker
    was walking along the path, the concentration at the fixed area
    sampling point was generally lower than the area concentration
    when the worker was absent or stationary in the room.
    True of False?
True
False
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment Model for Legionnaires' Disease: Assessment of Human Exposures for Selected Spa Outbreaks
Thomas W. Armstrong and Charles N. Haas

7. Inhalation of aqueous aerosol containing a virulent Legionella
    species and strain may cause Legionnaires' disease.
    Aspiration of water containing virulent Legionella might also
    cause Legionnaires' disease. True or False?

True
False
8. Prior studies on the survival or viability of Legionella in aqueous
    aerosols using culture methods showed a steady loss in viability
    in the minutes to hours time-frame. This loss in counts determined
    by culture could possibly be due at least in part to the bacteria
    entering a viable but non-culturable state. True or False?
True
False
Performance Testing of NIOSH Method 5524/ASTM International Method D 7049-04, for Determination of Metalworking Fluids
Robert Glaser, Robert Kurimo and Stanley Shulman

9. For a water-mixed MWF, significant amounts of, e.g., water
    (and other volatiles) are likely lost from an aerosol sample during
    collection. This means that aerosol samples are likely much drier
    (and more free of volatiles) than comparably-loaded spiked
    samples. They are thus likely to lose less weight during storage.
    What property of an aerosol do the authors cite as most likely
    to affect the removal of water and other volatile materials from
    an aerosol sample during sampling?

a. mass
b. surface area
c. density
d. volume
10. From the LOQ determined in these experiments, the lowest
     concentrations that the NIOSH/ASTM sampling and analytical
     method for MWF can quantitatively monitor for an 8-hr shift
     (sampled at 2 L/min) were ~0.1 mg/m3 for the total weight
     analyses and ~0.14 mg/m3 for the extractable weight analyses.
     True or False?
True
False
Review of Chamber Design Requirements for Testing of Personal Protective Clothing Ensembles
Pengfei Gao, William P. King and Ronald Shaffer

11. Which of the following simulants was used for the DoD's Test
     Operations Procedure 10-2-022 and the recently developed
     ASTM test method (ASTM F 2588-06) for man-in-simulant test
     of protective ensembles?

a. Sulfur hexafluoride
b. Methyl salicylate
c. Iron oxide
d. Sodium chloride
12. The new NFPA 1994 Class 4 is for protection from biological/
     radiological particulate and aerosol hazards. True or False?
True
False
Survey of Current Lead Use, Handling, Hygiene, and Contaminant Controls Among New Jersey Industries
James Blando, Daniel Lefkowitz, David Valiante, Barbara Gerwel and Eddy Bresnitz

13. OSHA lead standard relies heavily on the results of air samples
     to determine which provisions of the standard must be
     implemented. True or False?

True
False
14. Persistent elevated blood lead values greater than 25 µg/dL
     among workers will trigger an automatic citation by OSHA
     for violation of the General Industry Lead Standard.
     True or False?
True
False


Deadline for answers is August 31, 2007.

Answers will be available online at
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on September 12, 2007.

 
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