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Continuing Education — "The Action Level!®"

VOLUME 5(11), November 2008
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

Answer the questions below and click "Submit".

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CASE STUDIES:

Diacetyl Exposures in the Flavor Manufacturing Industry
J.W. Martyny, M.V. Van Dyke, S. Arbuckle, M. Towle and C.S. Rose

1. Diacetyl is a chemical that imparts a butter flavor in foods.
    This chemical has been linked to bronchiolitis obliterans in
    the butter popcorn industry and, to a lesser degree, to food
    additive manufacturers. Although the exposure levels are
    similar between the groups, why may fewer cases be found
    in the flavor manufacturing industry?

a. Worker exposure occurs for an entire 8-hour
          shift in butter popcorn manufacture but occurs
          only a few hours per day in the flavor
          manufacturing industry.
b. Workers in the flavor manufacturing industry
          wear respirators more frequently.
c. Flavor manufacturing workers may work with
          diacetyl on an infrequent basis while butter
          popcorn employees may work with diacetyl
          on a daily basis.
d. a and c
e. All of the above
2. Diacetyl exposure levels of greatest concern in the flavor
    manufacturing facilities were found in which operation?
a. Liquid Compounding Operations
b. Powder Compounding Operations
c. Quality Control Operations
d. Research and Development Operations
e. All of the above
A Review of Published Quantitative Experimental Studies on Factors Affecting Laboratory Fume Hood Performance
Kwangseog Ahn, Susan Woskie, Louis DiBerardinis and Michael Ellenbecker

3. Checking face velocity by itself (without addressing the effects
    of other operating variables, room air and environment factors,
    and worker activities and work practices) is sufficient to properly
    evaluate hood performance. True or False?

True
False
4. Which of the following statements is true? i) The presence
    of a hood user in front of a fume hood adversely affects hood
    performance. ii) A fume hood user's potential exposures to air
    contaminants can be greatly reduced by increasing the
    distance between the contaminant source and breathing
    zone. iii) A fume hood user's potential exposures to air
    contaminants can be greatly reduced by reducing the height
    of sash opening.
a. i) only
b. ii) only
c. iii) only
d. i), ii), and iii)
Urinary Concentrations of Toxic Substances: An Assessment of Alternative Approaches to Adjusting for Specific Gravity
Tom Sorahan, Dong Pang, Nurtan Esmen and Steven Sadhra

5. Conventional adjustment tends to lead to __________ correction
    of the confounding effects of specific gravity.

a. over-
b. under-
c. completely accurate
6. For a 24-hour urine sample, which of the following adjustments
    would be most appropriate?
a. Vij and Howell method
b. conventional method
c. the method proposed in this article
d. no correction required
Evaluation of the Effect of Media Velocity on Filter Efficiency and Most Penetrating Particle Size of Nuclear Grade High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filters
Steven L. Alderman, Michael S. Parsons, Kristina U. Hogancamp and Charles A. Waggoner

7. Under the filter challenge conditions described in this paper,
    the downstream geometric mean diameter is a close approximation
    of the most penetrating particle size. True or False?

True
False
8. The most penetrating particle size of a filter should be expected
    to ___________ as a function of increasing media velocity.
a. increase
b. remain unchanged
c. decrease
Experimental Validation of a Target Method for Balancing Exhaust Ventilation Duct Systems with Dampers
Michael Dodrill and Steven E. Guffey

9. A balancer sets out to balance an exhaust ventilation system
    with seven branches. There is one damper on each branch.
    The balancer completely opens all seven dampers and turns on
    the fan. He then closes the damper on one branch half-way.
    What will happen to the airflow in the branch he adjusted?

a. Decrease
b. No change
c. Increase
d. Impossible to predict
10. A balancer then inserts the damper on a second branch half-way.
      What happens to the airflow of the first branch he adjusted?
a. Decrease
b. No change
c. Increase
d. Impossible to predict
Chamber Evaluation of a Personal, Bioaerosol, Cyclone Sampler
Janet Macher, Bean Chen and Carol Rao

11. Advantages of the personal cyclone sampler include:

a. particle collection directly into a microcentrifuge
          tube; therefore, no transfer loss, high particle
          recovery, and ready sample analysis using
          multiple assay methods.
b. low-cost, simple fabrication and use for indoor
          or outdoor studies.
c. long-term particle collection possible because
          samples are not readily overloaded.
d. All of the above
12. Microscope and culture assays for the quantification and
      identification of fungal spores have been criticized for which
      of the following reasons?
a. They are time-consuming and labor-intensive.
b. They are imprecise when cell density is low.
c. The accuracy of human analysts can vary.
d. Fungi can be identified only to the genus or
          group level by microscopy.
e. Some fungi fail to reproduce in culture, grow
          but do not produce spores necessary for
          identification, or may be overgrown by other
          fungi or bacteria.
f. All of the above
Field Evaluation of a Personal, Bioaerosol, Cyclone Sampler
Janet Macher, Bean Chen and Carol Rao

13. Cyclone performance was found to be better for which of the
      following:

a. larger spores, the diameters of which were
          greater than the cyclone's d50
b. smaller spores, the diameters of which were
          closer to the cyclone's d50
14. The presence of fungal material such as hyphal fragments,
      conidiophores, or sporangiophores should be reported
      when comparing microscopy data with polymerase chain
      reaction measurements because the latter method may detect
      nucleic acid in particles other than intact spores. True or False?
True
False


Deadline for answers is November 30, 2008.

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on December 12, 2008.

 
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