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Continuing Education — "The Action Level!®"

VOLUME 8(8), August 2011
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene


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CASE STUDIES:

Effects of Forearm vs. Leg Submersion in Work Tolerance Time in a Hot Environment While Wearing Firefighter Protective Clothing
Charles P. Katica, Robert C. Pritchett, Kelly L. Pritchett, Andrew T. Del Pozzi, Gytis Balilionis and Tim Burnham

1. In the article, the average WBGT temperature of the
    environmental chamber was ______.

a. ~ 30.8 ± 0.7 °C
b. ~ 35.2 ± 0.8 °C
c. ~ 32.8 ± 0.9 °C
d. ~ 37.2 ± 0.8 °C
2. In the article, the overall findings found an increase of
    ______ following lower leg submersion in cool water.
a. 18%
b. 22%
c. 24%
d. 28%
Evaluation of Sampling Methods for Measuring Exposure to Volatile Inorganic Acids in Workplace Air. Part 1: Sampling Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) and Nitric Acid (HNO3) from a Test Gas Atmosphere
Alan Howe, Darren Musgrove, Dietmar Breuer, Krista Gusbeth, Andreas Moritz, Martine Demange, Véronique Oury, Davy Rousset and Michel Dorotte

3. When volatile acids such as hydrochloric acid and nitric
    acid are sampled using a sodium carbonate impregnated
    quartz fiber filter and a prefilter, more reliable estimates of
    exposure are obtained than when the acids are sampled
    using a silica gel sorbent tube. This is because volatile acids
    can be present in the air in the form of both mist and vapor
    and, while filter sampling methods typically collect the inhalable
    fraction of airborne particles, silica gel tubes significantly under
    sample acid mist droplets. True or False?

True
False
4. Measurement of exposure to volatile acids can be subject
    to both positive and negative interference, even if a prefilter is
    used, potentially leading to high or low results. True or False?
True
False
Implementation of a Quantitative Real-time PCR Assay for the Detection of Mycobacterium immunogenum in Metalworking Fluids
Glenn Rhodes, Alexandra Fluri, Andrea Ruefenacht, Marco Gerber and Roger Pickup

5. Quantitative real-time PCR assays detect _____________.

a. DNA
b. antigens
c. RNA
d. enzymes
6. The term cell equivalents (CE) is used because obtaining
    accurate cell counts of mycobacteria is difficult due to what
    physiological feature?
a. slow growth
b. rapid growth
c. cell clumping
d. low cell densities
Personal PM2.5 Exposure among Wildland Firefighters Working at Prescribed Forest Burns in Southeastern United States
Olorunfemi Adetona, Kevin Dunn, Dan Hall, Gary Achtemeier, Allison Stock and Luke P. Naeher

7. _______________ and ______________ are the chief
    occupational woodsmoke inhalation exposures for wildland
    firefighters.

a. Volatile organic compounds; carbon dioxide
b. Carbon monoxide; respirable particulate matter
c. Nitrogen oxides; ozone
d. Lead; benzene
8. Factors that may limit the utility of using carbon monoxide
    as a proxy for respirable particulate matter exposure in smoke
    from forest fires for wildland firefighters include:
a. Job task/location (i.e., working fire line
          on foot, driving bulldozer, flying helicopter).
b. Exposure to emissions from trucks, mules
          (4-wheelers) and other vehicles used for
          managing and fighting forest fires.
c. Time and location of sampling (i.e., sampling
          firefighters at base camp for overnight
          exposures vs. sampling firefighters at fire
          line during working/fighting forest fires).
d. All of the above
Ice-cooling Vest on Tolerance for Exercise under Uncompensable Heat Stress
Glen P. Kenny, Andrew R. Schissler, Jill Stapleton, Matthew Piamonte, Konrad Binder, Aaron Lynn, Christopher Q. Lan and Stephen Hardcastle

9. Aging is associated with a progressive decrease in the physical
    work capacity and reductions in the capacity to dissipate heat.
    Using a cooling vest would likely reduce the level of thermal and
    cardiovascular strain to the same extent, and therefore resulting in
    a similar exposure time, in an older as compared to younger
    worker performing a similar intensity work protocol.
    True or False?

True
False
10. An ice-cooling vest worn under the protective garment was
     shown to increase exercise duration by ~12% as compared
     to the protective garment only condition, yet the level of
     cardiovascular strain (as measured by heart rate) at the end
     of the exercise was similar. This is likely due to a greater
     sweat induced reduction in central blood volume associated
     with the longer duration of exercise performed with the
     ice-vest under the protective garment. True or False?
True
False
Validation of the Criteria for Initiating the Cleaning of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Ductwork under Real Conditions
Jacques Lavoie, Geneviève Marchand, Yves Cloutier and Jérôme Lavoué

11. Which country does not have criteria for initiating cleaning
      of non porous ductwork?

a. France
b. Finland
c. Great Britain
d. United States
12. Under real conditions, which sampling method(s) of the
      surface dust in the duct yield(s) the most accurate results
      and the smallest standard deviation?
a. NADCA method
b. IRSST method
c. ASPEC method
d. NADCA and IRSST methods

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Deadline for answers is August 31, 2011.

Answers will be available online at
http://www.acgih.org/products/joeh/alanswers.htm
on September 9, 2011.

 
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